以太坊区块数据详解

在以太坊区块链上，任何需要更改链上数据的行为（转账、部署合约、调用合约方法），都会被记录为一笔交易，被打包进区块中，下面我们来看详细了解下区块中到底保存了哪些信息。

区块字段解析

字段名	类型	描述
number	QUANTITY	块编号，挂起块为null
hash	DATA, 32 Bytes	块哈希，挂起块为null
mixHash	DATA, 32 Bytes	块mix哈希（另外一种哈希算法），挂起块为null
parentHash	DATA, 32 Bytes	父块的哈希
nonce	DATA, 8 Bytes	生成的pow哈希，挂起块为null
sha3Uncles	DATA, 32 Bytes	块中叔伯数据的SHA3哈希
logsBloom	DATA, 256 Bytes	块日志的bloom过滤器，挂起块为null
transactionsRoot	DATA, 32 Bytes	块中的交易树根节点
stateRoot	DATA, 32 Bytes	块最终状态树的根节点
receiptsRoot	DATA, 32 Bytes	块交易收据树的根节点
miner	DATA, 20 Bytes	挖矿奖励的接收账户
difficulty	QUANTITY	块难度，整数
totalDifficulty	QUANTITY	截止到本块的链上总难度
extraData	DATA	块额外数据
size	QUANTITY	本块字节数
gasLimit	QUANTITY	本块允许的最大gas用量
gasUsed	QUANTITY	本块中所有交易使用的总gas用量
timestamp	QUANTITY	块时间戳
transactions	Array	交易对象数组，或32字节长的交易哈希数组
uncles	Array	叔伯哈希数组（叔伯块与正常区块结构一致，只是不包含交易）

区块数据样例

{
    "difficulty": "0xb8b44f7581df",
    "extraData": "0x6e616e6f706f6f6c2e6f7267",
    "gasLimit": "0x3f27b3",
    "gasUsed": "0x18546c",
    "hash": "0xaaba9374f37e7596c57fd24606a451843bdffa589de019ae8ffeb3e695f3f5c4",
    "logsBloom": "0x00000000040000000000000000000002080000000400000000900000800020000000000000000000000001040080000008000000004040000005000000000040000002000000000000000088000000000001000000000000000100000000000001100000000000000000004000000000000000000200010020020010000010000800620000000000200000000004000000000000001000000000000000000100000000000000004000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000040000000001000000000000000020120000000000200000000011100000000000020000000000000000400000000000000000000002",
    "miner": "0x52bc44d5378309ee2abf1539bf71de1b7d7be3b5",
    "mixHash": "0x01e3648def8c780480b22451fe69d82e4750d6c45c4d7963b5b8228f48b42d3e",
    "nonce": "0x497068ac0559ee54",
    "number": "0x33e05c",
    "parentHash": "0x65974f61f18bde849c04a3218275ddfbb8d782096e4f749bc3be1627864d20b1",
    "receiptsRoot": "0x2450bd1030611c2538f5be2c9db8849ef55952c9562895966edde5059a4a1696",
    "sha3Uncles": "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
    "size": "0x2016",
    "stateRoot": "0xa08c50c149a69a0b0bd92b95f3bedcc9519b3fcf912e7340db98810123d16d21",
    "timestamp": "0x58d2c9a7",
    "totalDifficulty": "0x98a24ba984762ebb7",
    "transactions": [
        ...
    ],
    "transactionsRoot": "0x849c7bce118da09709f9b08e948b7fca1332bd3fa9a9bccf6776ad761ffd7e9c",
    "uncles": []
}

交易记录字段解析

字段名	类型	描述	应用场景
hash	DATA, 32字节	交易哈希
nonce	QUANTITY	本次交易之前发送方已经生成的交易数量
blockHash	DATA, 32字节	交易所在块的哈希，对于挂起块，该值为null
blockNumber	QUANTITY	交易所在块的编号，对于挂起块，该值为null
transactionIndex	QUANTITY	交易在块中的索引位置，挂起块该值为null
from	DATA, 20字节	交易发送方地址
to	DATA, 20字节	交易接收方地址，对于合约创建交易，该值为null
value	QUANTITY	发送的以太数量，单位：wei
gasPrice	QUANTITY	发送方提供的gas价格，单位：wei	gasPrice * gas 等于本次交易的矿工费，单位为wei
gas	QUANTITY	发送方提供的gas可用量
input	DATA	随交易发送的数据
type	QUANTITY	类型（应该已经没用了）
r	DATA	签名值	r、s、v 共同组成一个签名值
s	DATA	签名值
v	QUANTITY	签名值

交易记录数据样例

{
    "blockHash": "0xe68ad67b389dc1605628b7896a3af40ee3d4c370e8c19b9bd9e59f8af676e22d",
    "blockNumber": "0xc48f2d",
    "from": "0xa62d81ee7757d7ec89db63e32351d86537a3bf80",
    "gas": "0x11a0e",
    "gasPrice": "0x4e3b29200",
    "hash": "0x77bbc9747fd58efeeecd7576edc47dfceb186df391b8594769f72c874845adb7",
    "input": "0xe9ec429000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002fdc920d30358000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001ceb09db58c17f40fb211dbf8668a05d55567ae7858dad0848f21cfcc1ee6b1c074fe2057e18af7c0e024a0b55c29e63395ed2677eb080fb3f3559b9ebf92b5246",
    "nonce": "0xd",
    "r": "0x6c5c028c0d9f067213228d13ab123ad7335bc92c26e5ef98a5c34aa2f1f2749d",
    "s": "0x51a4f6cb76e703e2996349220b1dd85e2169ea5ec6f7ee1146b78d7aa480c475",
    "to": "0x6ca45993fd7271bc44030bafc4ff1a575a03e4f2",
    "transactionIndex": "0x99",
    "type": "0x0",
    "v": "0x25",
    "value": "0x0"
}

交易收据字段解析

字段名	类型	描述	应用场景
transactionHash	DATA, 32字节	交易哈希
transactionIndex	QUANTITY	交易在块内的索引序号
blockHash	DATA, 32字节	交易所在块的哈希
blockNumber	QUANTITY	交易所在块的编号
from	DATA, 20字节	交易发送方地址	过滤这两个地址，可拉出一个用户完整的交易记录
to	DATA, 20字节	交易接收方地址，对于合约创建交易该值为null
cumulativeGasUsed	QUANTITY	交易所在块消耗的gas总量
gasUsed	QUANTITY	该次交易消耗的gas用量
contractAddress	DATA, 20字节	对于合约创建交易，该值为新创建的合约地址，否则为null
logs	Array	本次交易生成的日志对象数组
logsBloom	DATA, 256字节	bloom过滤器，轻客户端用来快速提取相关日志
root	DATA 32字节	后交易状态根(pre Byzantium)
status	QUANTITY	1 (成功) 或 0 (失败)

交易收据数据样例

{
    "blockHash": "0xe68ad67b389dc1605628b7896a3af40ee3d4c370e8c19b9bd9e59f8af676e22d",
    "blockNumber": "0xc48f2d",
    "contractAddress": null,
    "cumulativeGasUsed": "0xe41c44",
    "effectiveGasPrice": "0x4e3b29200",
    "from": "0xa62d81ee7757d7ec89db63e32351d86537a3bf80",
    "gasUsed": "0x11a0e",
    "logs": [
        ...
    ],
    "logsBloom": "0x00000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000020040000000000000000000000000008000002000000800000040000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000002012000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000001040000000010000000000000000000000000040000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000",
    "status": "0x1",
    "to": "0x6ca45993fd7271bc44030bafc4ff1a575a03e4f2",
    "transactionHash": "0x77bbc9747fd58efeeecd7576edc47dfceb186df391b8594769f72c874845adb7",
    "transactionIndex": "0x99",
    "type": "0x0"
}

交易收据日志字段解析

字段名	类型	描述	应用场景
removed	TAG	如果日志已被删除则返回true，如果是有效日志则返回false
logIndex	QUANTITY	日志在块内的索引序号。对于挂起日志，该值为null
transactionIndex	QUANTITY	创建日志的交易索引序号，对于挂起日志，该值为null
transactionHash	DATA, 32字节	创建该日志的交易的哈希。对于挂起日志，该值为null
blockHash	DATA, 32字节	该日志所在块的哈希。对于挂起日志，该值为null
blockNumber	QUANTITY	该日志所在块的编号。对于挂起日志，该值为null
address	DATA, 20字节	该日志的源地址
data	DATA	包含该日志的一个或多个32字节无索引参数
topics	Array of DATA	0~4个32字节索引日志参数的数据	topics[0]的值为触发的事件名称哈希值，解析合约时，可对所有事件生成此值，用于判定交易记录中与合约的哪个方法进行交互; 如标准 ERC20/ERC721 合约的Transfer事件，此值为0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef; topics数组每个元素分别代表：0-事件名称哈希值 1-事件第一个indexed参数的值 2-事件第二个indexed参数的值，以此类推，最多4个； 可以过滤topic[0]的值为0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef的交易记录，生成用户的Token列表和NFT列表，Token列表的topics长度为3，NFT列表的topics长度为4；

交易收据日志数据样例

{
    "address": "0xda86006036540822e0cd2861dbd2fd7ff9caa0e8",
    "blockHash": "0xe68ad67b389dc1605628b7896a3af40ee3d4c370e8c19b9bd9e59f8af676e22d",
    "blockNumber": "0xc48f2d",
    "data": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002fdc920d30358000",
    "logIndex": "0xf7",
    "removed": false,
    "topics": [
        "0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef",
        "0x0000000000000000000000006ca45993fd7271bc44030bafc4ff1a575a03e4f2",
        "0x000000000000000000000000a62d81ee7757d7ec89db63e32351d86537a3bf80"
    ],
    "transactionHash": "0x77bbc9747fd58efeeecd7576edc47dfceb186df391b8594769f72c874845adb7",
    "transactionIndex": "0x99"
}

参考资料

• http://cw.hubwiz.com/card/c/ethereum-json-rpc-api/1/3/39/
• https://www.jianshu.com/p/95ba5b91c4ce